The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are currently in a “neutral” phase, meaning they’re not strongly affecting the weather right now. However, there’s a chance that La Niña, which can bring cooler and wetter conditions, might develop later this year. Meanwhile, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is negative, which might lead to more rain in southern Australia. Overall, these climate patterns help predict weather trends, but right now, nothing extreme is happening.